Fibroids
Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They are made up of muscle and connective tissue and can vary in size—from tiny, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort the uterus.
Fibroids come in different types, depending on their location in or on the uterus. Here are the main categories:
Types of Fibroids
Intramural Fibroids – The most common type, these grow within the muscular wall of the uterus. They can expand and make the uterus larger.
Subserosal Fibroids – These develop on the outer surface of the uterus and may grow large enough to make the uterus appear bigger on one side.
Submucosal Fibroids – Found just beneath the inner lining of the uterus, these can protrude into the uterine cavity and often cause heavy menstrual bleeding.
Pedunculated Fibroids – These are attached to the uterus by a stalk and can be either subserosal or submucosal.
Cervical Fibroids – A rarer type, these grow on the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina
Each type can cause different symptoms, depending on its size and location.
Symptoms
Many people with fibroids experience no symptoms, but when they do, common signs include:
Heavy menstrual bleeding or prolonged periods
Pelvic pain or pressure
Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
Constipation
Lower back pain
Pain during intercourse
Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute:
Hormonal changes: Estrogen and progesterone influence fibroid growth.
Genetics: A family history of fibroids increases the risk.
Age: More common in people over 30.
Obesity: Excess weight can contribute to fibroid development.
Vitamin D deficiency and high alcohol consumption may also play a role.
Diagnosis & Treatment
Fibroids can be diagnosed through ultrasound, MRI, hysteroscopy, or other imaging tests. Treatment depends on their size, location, and severity:
Medications: Hormonal therapy, pain relievers, or antifibrinolytics.
Minimally invasive procedures: Uterine artery embolization or endometrial ablation.
Surgery: Myomectomy (fibroid removal) or hysterectomy (uterus removal in severe cases)
Lifestyle Changes
Making lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of developing fibroids or manage their symptoms. Here are some key strategies:
Dietary Adjustments
Follow a Mediterranean diet – Eat plenty of fresh vegetables, fruits, legumes, and fish while reducing red meat consumption.
Limit alcohol – Alcohol can increase hormone levels that contribute to fibroid growth.
Increase vitamin D intake – Vitamin D may help lower the risk of fibroids.
Reduce processed foods – Avoid high-fat dairy, processed meats, and sugary foods, as they may worsen fibroid symptoms.
Exercise & Weight Management
Stay active – Regular exercise (about 7 hours per week) has been linked to a lower risk of fibroids.
Maintain a healthy weight – Excess weight can contribute to hormonal imbalances that encourage fibroid growth.
Hormonal Balance & Stress Management
Manage estrogen levels – Losing excess weight and eating hormone-balancing foods can help.
Reduce stress – Regular movement, like walking, yoga, or strength training, helps regulate cortisol and boost mood.
Deep breathing – Techniques like diaphragmatic breathing or box breathing can calm the nervous system.
Stretching – Gentle stretching relieves tension and supports hormonal balance.
